超磁致微位移直线驱动器

Since Giant Magnetostrictive Material (GMM) was discovered by A.E.Clark in 1970′s,GMM has been developed very rapidly because GMM has the good strain in the room temperature,the high conversion efficiency between electrical magnetic and mechanical energy and the fast response.GMM has been applied to electron,biology,sensor,actuator,motor and so on.In the paper a micro linear actuator with the high contribution,fast response and good controllability made of GMM is proposed,and the CAD based on FEM is realiz...

超磁致材料 Tbx Dy1 - x Fey(GMM)是 A.E.Clark于 70年代发现的新型稀土—铁系功能材料。近几年来 ,作为高科技功能材料得到了迅速发展 ,这种材料由于具有很大的室温超磁致伸缩应变量 ,高的电 (磁 )能 -机械能转换率 ,高能量密度 ,伸缩应力大 ,机械响应快等优异特性 ,因而有着广泛的应用前景。该文设计了一种高出力、快响应、可控性好的超磁致微位移直线驱动器。文中对超磁致微位移直线驱动机理进行了探讨 ,并在 MATL AB平台上 ,以有限元分析 (FEM)为基础研制了 CAD软件 ,示出了采用椭圆模态驱动的超磁致振子组合结构的微位移直线驱动器 Giant magnetostrictive material (GMM) is developing rapidly.It is widely applied owing to its good quality in room temperature such as giant strain coefficient,efficient electric (magnetic)-mechanic translation ability,high energy density,and quick response.In this paper,CAD software based on finite element method was firstly developed.An actuator of GMM according to the magnetic-mechanic coupling translation was designed.Then through the assembling of two GMM actuators in the principle of ellipse motion a... 超磁致材料GMM(Giant Magnetostrictive Material)作为高科技功能材料得到了迅速发展,由于具有大的室温超磁致伸缩系数,高的电(磁)能-机械能转换率,高能量密度,响应快等优异特性,GMM得到了广泛应用。文中根据 GMM磁-机能量耦合转换机理,结合有限元分析开发了CAD软件,设计了GMM微致动器,并通过GMM致动器组合构型:构思与研制了一种具有高出力、快响应、可控性好的新型椭圆驱动超磁致电动机,并得到了试验验证。 Using a 2.5-dimantional ideal MHD model in spherical coordinates, the catastrophe of a coronal magnetic flux rope embedded in a partly-open multipolar background magnetic field has been studied. The background field consists of a coronal streamer containing three closed bipolar fields and an open magnetic field with an equatorial current sheet. The magnetic flux rope lies below the central bipolar field, characterized by its annular and axial magnetic fluxes. There exists a critical axial flux for a given a... 采用球坐标下二维三分量理想MHD模型,研究部分开放多极背景磁场中日冕磁绳的灾变现象.背景 磁场由含3个闭合双极场的冕流和带赤道中性电流片的开放场构成,磁绳位于中心双极场的下方,其特性由环向 磁通和轴向磁通表征.对给定的环向磁通,存在轴向磁通的一个临界值;对给定的轴向磁通,也存在环向磁通的 一个临界值.在该临界值以下,磁绳附着于太阳表面,系统处于平衡状态;该临界值一旦被超越,磁绳将脱离太 阳表面向上喷发,说明部分开放多极背景磁场中的日冕磁绳系统存在灾变现象.本文算例表明,灾变点对应的磁 能阈值超过对应部分开放场(中心双极场开放,两侧的双极场仍维持闭合)能量约15％,其超过部分可为日冕物 质抛射一类太阳爆发提供能源. For convenience we use J4 as a reference to fix the overall scale of the magnetic energy. For example we observe a reduction of 98% of the magnetic energy inside some bubbles. For the jovian magnetotail we see no evidence for significant storage of magnetic energy. Further systematic deviations were recognized in average quantities, like kinetic and magnetic energy. Figure 15 shows the saturation of the magnetic energy over time indicating dynamo action. Figure 14 is a plot of the the vertical profile of the horizontally averaged magnetic energy at two times in both runs R2 and R6. Here the total energy spectrum is simply the sum of kinetic and magnetic energy spectra. He then proved that minimisation of magnetic energy subject to the single constraint 7 i = const. However, the maximum magnetic energy density can be an order of magnitude greater than the kinetic energy density of convection. If the saturation is neglected, the magnetic coenergy equals the magnetic energy. If this limit applies then an appreciable fraction of magnetic energy will be dissipated. It turns out that mutual linking of magnetic lines may prevent complete dissipation of the magnetic energy. It studies the rate of growth of the magnetic energy in time for sufficiently small magnetic diffusivity. It is believed that flare energy is stored as magnetic energy in the stressed magnetic fields of active regions. Instead, 70% of the energy flows into the magnetic energy reservoir, and is finally dissipated by Ohmic heating. In this section we consider the time interval during which the amplitude of the magnetic energy spectrum grows TABLE II. In this run, the magnetic energy is saturated, and yet it is only about 4% of the kinetic energy. In any case, the peak of magnetic energy would still be at small wave numbers. In summary, therefore, we find no indication of a peak of the magnetic energy spectrum at the resistive wave number. In the space of only a few nanoseconds, a great deal of magnetic energy is converted into the thermal energy of the plasma. In narrower initial current layers the x-line segments merge together to a state in which large scale magnetic energy release takes place. In order to asses the fraction of magnetic energy which is converted in the interface, a detailed reconnection model is required. In a shortcircuit, large amounts of energy are released in the form of both heat and magnetic energy. In the terrestrial frame it is a general feature that ion energy is given up and converted to magnetic energy and energized electrons. In this model the kinetic energy of the electrons is supplied by conversion of magnetic energy, at the level of the AR. In Fe-Co alloy films we found a monotonous decrease of the magnetic energy differences between FM and AF configurations with increasing Co content. In the magnetosheath just after the shock crossing AIC waves with a constant magnetic energy were observed. In magnetic reconnection two anti-parallel magnetic field lines merge and in the process magnetic energy is converted to kinetic energy of the plasma. In response to a time-varying magnetic field, these ribbons efficiently convert magnetic energy into mechanical energy. In this device, the magnetic energy is stored behind the moving current sheath. In this case ordinary magnetic field diffusion will not be fast enough to account for the magnetic energy conversion. In total, at the LHC some 15 GJ of magnetic energy will be stored in superconducting magnets. Magnetic energy spectra for runs with magnetic Prandtl numbers ranging from 0.3 to 30. Magnetic energy stimulates knee tissue to produce signals that are detected by a scanner and ana lyzed by a computer. Magnetic energy released from the reconnection of these fields probably powers flares and triggers the release of CMEs. MRI is an advanced diagnostic tool that uses magnetic energy and radio waves to create detailed images of tissue. Magnetic energy dynamics is the very foundation of normal and abnormal mental and physical human functions. Magnetic reconnection is a process that converts stored magnetic energy into particle energy and leads to changes in the magnetic topology. Most of the magnetic energy is concentrated in rope and sheet-like structures associated with the bubbles and fingers in the density. On the other hand the magnetic energy gain is too small in view of the small moment of V, compared to Cr or Mn. Photospheric flows shuffle the emerged magnetic structures causing the release of non- potential magnetic energy due to collisional reconnection. Power is delivered at a low frequency to facilitate transmission of magnetic energy through metallic materials. Second, less storage capability but fast access is obtained via the access-oriented storage of kinetic, electric or magnetic energy. Such eruptive events are related to magnetic energy releases, sudden changes of the magnetic field topology, and plasma heating. Storage of magnetic energy in the lobe region seems not to be the prime driver of the reconfiguration process. Some kinetic and magnetic energy is converted into internal energy by viscous and resistive dissipation. Trapped magnetic energy in the CT exciting branch produces a unipolar decaying current with a fairly long time constant. Terrestrial substorms are driven by the interaction of the solar wind with the magnetosphere leading to storage of magnetic energy. This result seems to exclude the possibility that in the large Reynolds number limit the magnetic energy spectrum peaks at small scales. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate electro magnetic energy. This expansion is achieved by using the magnetic energy and thermo-elastic free energy of the soft ferromagnetic material. Thus the magnetic energy for two flipped spins, bound or not, is twice as much as the energy for a single flip. Thus magnetic energy is converted to kinetic energy as in an electric motor, and this is dissipated by viscosity. Thus the change in the state of rest caused by a magnet is due to the magnetic energy. This in fact dissipates the differentially rotational energy and magnetic energy of the newborn magnetar or accretion disk. This is the energy flux Q and includes the kinetic energy flux, thermal energy flux, and magnetic energy flux. This becomes especially important for pulse generators based on intermediate magnetic energy storages. The DOS are also remarkably unstructured, what evidently contributes to the reduction of the magnetic energy difference. The use of a superconducting magnetic energy storage unit for load leveling/damping purpose is presented in the paper. The HCI capability is limited by the magnetic energy stored in the load circuit. The GPR system emits short pulses of electro magnetic energy from a transmitting antenna. The way in which different electrons' motions are aligned determines the total magnetic energy or moment of the atom. Therefore, the magnetic structure of the ground state is determined by the magnetic Hamiltonian H that describes the magnetic energy of the system. These materials have the ability to convert magnetic energy to mechanical energy and vise versa. Then, the remaining cold plasma is expected to radiate away the magnetic energy on a current quench timescale of about 50 ms. Then the topology of the field's trajectories cannot change under the fluid flow, but its magnetic energy can. Therefore, in case of rapid wind or less load demand the excess energy can be stored in superconducting magnetic energy storage unit. There can actually be an increase in the magnetic energy locally, even though the global magnetic energy may decrease. The capacitor does not dissipate energy and does not store magnetic energy, but does store or release electric energy. The corresponding fractional decrease of the stored magnetic energy is approximately twice the fractional loss of plasma current. The beta value the ratio of kinetic to magnetic energy densities is taken to be =0.2. The cost function, based on stored magnetic energy, was explored in terms of the split. The calculation of electromagnetic forces by direct differentiation of the magnetic energy or coenergy is straightforward, and perfectly rigorous. The calculated magnetic energy differences and magnetic moments for stripes with various stoichiometry are presented in Table II. The calculation of magnetic energy and current are done using the post-processing menu with the help of sub-domain and boundary integration. The first step of the conversion of electrical energy into acoustic energy is the conversion of electrical energy into a magnetic energy. The eld lines become then twisted, showing a conversion of mechanical into magnetic energy. The first of these forces results from the natural tendency of a current loop to expand in an effort to lower its magnetic energy. The inductor does not dissipate energy and does not store electric energy, but does store or release magnetic energy. The minimization of total magnetic field energy makes easier the desired goal of recreating the magnetic energy by thermonuclear reactions. Since Giant Magnetostrictive Material (GMM) was discovered by A.E.Clark in 1970′s,GMM has been developed very rapidly because GMM has the good strain in the room temperature,the high conversion efficiency between electrical magnetic and mechanical energy and the fast response.GMM has been applied to electron,biology,sensor,actuator,motor and so on.In the paper a micro linear actuator with the high contribution,fast response and good controllability made of GMM is proposed,and the CAD based on FEM is realiz... 超磁致材料 Tbx Dy1 - x Fey(GMM)是 A.E.Clark于 70年代发现的新型稀土—铁系功能材 料。近几年来 ,作为高科技功能材料得到了迅速发展 ,这种材料由于具有很大的室温超磁致伸缩应变量 ,高的电 (磁 )能 -机械能转换率 ,高能量密度 ,伸缩应力大 ,机械响应快等优异特性 ,因而有着广泛的 应用前景。该文设计了一种高出力、快响应、可控性好的超磁致微位移直线驱动器。文中对超磁致微位 移直线驱动机理进行了探讨 ,并在 MATL AB平台上 ,以有限元分析 (FEM)为基础研制了 CAD软件 ,示出 了采用椭圆模态驱动的超磁致振子组合结构的微位移直线驱动器 Giant magnetostrictive material (GMM) is developing rapidly.It is widely applied owing to its good quality in room temperature such as giant strain coefficient,efficient electric (magnetic)-mechanic translation ability,high energy density,and quick response.In this paper,CAD software based on finite element method was firstly developed.An actuator of GMM according to the magnetic-mechanic coupling translation was designed.Then through the assembling of two GMM actuators in the principle of ellipse motion a... 超磁致材料GMM(Giant Magnetostrictive Material)作为高科技功能材料得到了迅速发展, 由于具有大的室温超磁致伸缩系数,高的电(磁)能-机械能转换率,高能量密度,响应快等优异特性,GMM得 到了广泛应用。文中根据 GMM磁-机能量耦合转换机理,结合有限元分析开发了CAD软件,设计了GMM微致动 器,并通过GMM致动器组合构型:构思与研制了一种具有高出力、快响应、可控性好的新型椭圆驱动超磁致 电动机,并得到了试验验证。 Using a 2.5-dimantional ideal MHD model in spherical coordinates, the catastrophe of a coronal magnetic flux rope embedded in a partly-open multipolar background magnetic field has been studied. The background field consists of a coronal streamer containing three closed bipolar fields and an open magnetic field with an equatorial current sheet. The magnetic flux rope lies below the central bipolar field, characterized by its annular and axial magnetic fluxes. There exists a critical axial flux for a given a... 采用球坐标下二维三分量理想MHD模型,研究部分开放多极背景磁场中日冕磁绳的灾变现象. 背景 磁场由含3个闭合双极场的冕流和带赤道中性电流片的开放场构成,磁绳位于中心双极场的下方,其 特性由环向 磁通和轴向磁通表征.对给定的环向磁通,存在轴向磁通的一个临界值;对给定的轴向磁通,也 存在环向磁通的 一个临界值.在该临界值以下,磁绳附着于太阳表面,系统处于平衡状态;该临界值一旦被 超越,磁绳将脱离太 阳表面向上喷发,说明部分开放多极背景磁场中的日冕磁绳系统存在灾变现象.本文 算例表明,灾变点对应的磁 能阈值超过对应部分开放场(中心双极场开放,两侧的双极场仍维持闭合)能量 约15％,其超过部分可为日冕物 质抛射一类太阳爆发提供能源. Again, five twitches were performed for ES and for each output level of magnetic stimulation. All patients were informed that this was an open-label trial of active magnetic stimulation. Animal body weights were measured to examine the physiological responses to pulsed magnetic stimulation. As shown in Figure 6, high TNF-a production was induced by magnetic stimulation for 7 days. Both electrical and magnetic stimulation are used to encourage bone deposition during fracture healing.